Heliogravure was first invented in the early 19th century and is the oldest procedure for reproducing images. The process involves two distinct steps. First, a complex photochemical procedure is used that creates an intaglio surface. The word intaglio comes from the Italian “to engrave”. It is a figure or design carved into or beneath the surface of hard metal or stone. The image is then fixed and etched upon a specially prepared copper plate which is eventually transferred onto dampened etching paper using special inks. Heliogravures can be very difficult to distinguish from etchings or engravings. In fact, each heliogravure is considered an original, and its value is accordingly assured.

Heliogravure fine art is very highly regarded because of its rich palette of blacks and shades of gray, as well as its breadth of tonal range, which can produce exquisite masterpieces. Yet, this technique has practically disappeared because it is a costly and time-consuming.